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Integrated Pest Management Modules
Synthesis and validation of IPM modules
Rice
Validation and promotion of location specific IPM module in rice based cropping system
  • IPM module for Basmati rice was validated in village Bambawad, Guatam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh in 40 ha area during 2010-13. Efforts were made to promote validated IPM module in Basmati rice (Pusa Basmati 1121) around village Bambawad in district Gautam Budh Nagar, UP  by organizing Farmers’ Field Schools (FFSs) which resulted in its horizontal spread in 990.40 ha in a cluster of 42 villages by participation of 654 farmers. Incidence/population of major insect pests [YSB, leaf folder (LF) and brown plant hopper (BPH)] and diseases [Sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and bakanae] remained significantly low in IPM as compared to farmers’ practice (FP). IPM interventions led to conserve the natural enemies especially spiders, 3.39 adults/hill in IPM as compared to 1.76 adults/hill in FP. No. of chemical sprays were reduced to 0.2 spray (a.i. 28.2 g/ha) in IPM against 2 sprays (a.i. 79.87 g/ha) in
  • IPM module was also synthesised and validated in 60 ha at Laxar, Haridwar, Uttrakhand in Basmati rice . At Laksar, no. of chemical sprays were reduced to 2.0 (a.i. 347.5 g/ha) as compared to 5.8 sprays (a.i. 1870 g/ha) in FP.
  • On-Farm validation and demonstration of IPM modules were also carried out in semi-deep water rice (Varshadhan variety) and upland rice in 20 ha and 25 ha at Santoshpur,  Balasore, Odisha and Harem Hazaribag, Jharkhand respectively.
Basmati rice field
Large scale implementation of IPM module for basmati rice in farmers’ participatory mode
  • IPM module developed by the institute was implemented on large scale in basmati rice in farmers’ participatory mode under a consultancy project with M/S Tilda Hain India Pvt Ltd.
  • IPM module was implemented in 15623 ha of Basmati rice (Pusa Basmati-1) in Jind, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Yamunanagar and Panipat districts of Haryana and Fateh Garh Sahib and Patiala districts of Punjab, by participation of 2462 farmers in 396 villages during kharif 2019.
    IPM coverage in Haryana, Punjab, UP & Uttarakhand: 18000 ha (approx.)
Cotton
Synthesis, validation and promotion of pest management strategy in Bt cotton for central zone (2022-26)
  • Validation and promotion of cotton IPM with major emphasis on pink bollworm was conducted during Kharif 2022 at Chichgohan, Bherukheda and Bamjhar villages of Khandwa (MP) in 20 ha area covering 26 farm families.
  • IPM recorded the lower green boll damage (7.82%) as compared to FP (16.50%) with higher population of beneficial insects viz. spiders, lady bird beetle and green lacewing as compared to FP. Seed cotton yield was also higher in IPM fields (9.25q/ha) compared to FP (5.80 q/ha).
  • IPM in cotton has been horizontally disseminated in cluster of 20 villages covering >3000 ha area and >2500 farmers of Jalna and Badnapur block of Jalna district of Maharashtra. The adoption of IPM in the cluster of villages resulted in higher yield in IPM field (19.50q/ha) as compared to FP (17.33q/ha) with a significant reduction in application of pesticides (>50%) over FP.
 cotton field
Validation, refinement & promotion of IPM in cotton in North zone of India (2021-24)
  • IPM in Cotton was synthesized & validated during Kharif 2022 in 100 acre area in Behnichanderpal village of Rohtak, Haryana in farmers’-participatory mode.
  • Boll rot was found as major biotic stress. Need based spray of streptocycline @1 g + copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 25 g in 10 litre of water was done to successfully manage the disease. For pink bollworm management SPLAT technique was introduced and validated.
  • IPM implementation resulted in 27.6 % reduction in chemical pesticide sprays and 30.6 % increase in benefit-cost ratio as compared to FP. The adoption of IPM in the cluster of villages resulted in higher yield in IPM field (18.50 q/ha) as compared to FP (14.5 q/ha).
Development, validation and promotion of cotton IPM with major emphasis on pink bollworm (2018-22)
  • Validation and promotion of cotton IPM with major emphasis on pink bollworm in Wakhari village of (Maharashtra) conducted over 80 ha area covering 83 farm families resulted in 49.2% reduction in number of insecticidal sprays against FP.
  • Seed cotton yield was significantly higher in IPM (18.74 q/ha) compared to FP (15.1 q/ha) with higher benefit cost ratio in IPM (3.96) compared to FP (2.97).
  • Horizontal spread of cotton IPM was also undertaken in 2208 ha across 15 adjoining villages of Jalna district, which resulted in significantly increased yield and reduction in pesticide application.
Validation and promotion of IPM in cotton based cropping system in kinnow growing region (2017-2020)
  • Validated cotton IPM technology in farmers’ participatory mode in approx 120 ha area in whitefly hot spot in North Zone during 2019.
  • Implementation of IPM resulted in reduction of no. of pesticide applications, active ingredient by 87.37% and pesticides cost by 43.58% in IPM as compared to FP. Implementation of IPM also resulted in increase of yield by 43.88% and net return by 99.92%, with high benefit cost ratio as compared to FP.
  • Implementation of IPM also resulted in increase of natural enemies (predators) population by >276 % (0.79/plant in IPM and 0.21/plant in FP) as compared to FP.
  • Successfully managed ClCuD affected cotton fields by the foliar application of potassium nitrate (NPK 13.0.45 @ 2%) at weekly interval and obtained normal seed cotton yield.
Pulses
Development and Validation of IPM strategies for Pigeon pea crop in different agro-ecological regions (2022-2025)
  • An IPM programme is going on in pigeon pea with the collaboration of KVK Kausambhi (U.P.) in 35 farmer fields of five villages (Sirsi, Charwa, Sajhiyapur, Ayodhyapur and Piperi, N 25° 31', E 81° 51') covering 32 ha area.
  • During the maximum pod borer (H. armigera) infestation (February), less number of larval population was found IPM (0.45±0.21 l/p) than FP (0.61±0.22) fields.
  • The maximum pod borer complex infestation (%) was found 15.84±3.5% in IPM and 22.10±4.3% in FP fields. The maximum grain damage was recorded 13.37±3.3% in IPM while it was 19.54±4.6% in FP fields.
  • The disease incidence of Phytophthora blight was observed in both IPM and FP fields during August and September months, which was lower in IPM fields. On an average the wilt disease incidence was 14.6±5.2% in IPM and 23.12±6.2% FP fields.
  • Chemical pesticide spray was found reduced by 60% in IPM fields, which in resulted 45% more population of natural enemies in the field.
  • Thus, more net return was achieved in IPM with the B: C ratio of 4.8 in IPM and 3.6 in FP fields.
  Pigeonpea
Development, Validation and Promotion of IPM strategies for field pea (Pisum sativum L.) crop in different agro-ecological regions (2022-2025)
  • The IPM programme in field pea crops is going on at KVKs Jhansi and KVK Jalaun in five villages, Kukargaon, Madri, Nainpura, Chokari and Bilati (La, 25.4358° N, Lo, 81.8463° E) covering 65 ha area of 24 farmers.
  • In IPM fields, pod borer infestation ranged from 0.23±0.1 to 0.74±0.3 l/m row, whereas it varied from 0.27±0.1 to 1.47±0.4 l/m row in FP fields.
  • Comparatively less disease incidences of wilt (IPM 10.0±3.0% and FP 13.3±1.8%), powdery mildew (IPM 7.3±2.1% and FP 8.8± 3.2%), rust and Ascochyta blight was achieved in field pea.
  • Overall, 50% reduction in chemical sprays was achieved in IPM and adopted farmers achieved a higher BC ratio of 3.31 compared to 2.35 in FP fields.
  Pea crop
Development and Validation of IPM strategies for Green-gram and Black-gram Crops (2020-2022)
  • The IPM programme in blackgram and greengram crops was carried out at KVKs Jhansi and KVK Jalaun during Kharif season in four villages, Birgua, Mavai, Gandhinagar and Bawaltada at KVK Jhansi and four villages, Ragauli, Rura-addu, Satraju and Gadgaon at KVK Jalaun, covering 240 ha area.
  • Soil enrichment by T. harzianum (FYM 1.0 q/ha) before sowing; use of disease tolerant cultivar and seed treatment T. viride (CFUs 2x108, 10g/kg seed) were promoted.
  • Installation of yellow/ blue sticky traps (25/ha), pheromone traps (10-12 /ha) and installation of solar light traps for mass trapping of insect pests, installation of bird perches (15 /ha) were found effective mechanical control measures in terms of reduce down the number of chemical pesticide sprays from 7 to 3 and conservation of natural enemies.
  • Relatively in the blackgram field, IPM achieved more gross return with the B:C ratio of 2.06 over 1.61 in FP fields. As well, more return was also obtained in greengram IPM fields viz., B:C ratio of 2:10 in IPM and 1.65 FP fields.
  Greengram and Blackgram
Development and Validation of IPM strategies for selected pulse crops in different agro-ecological regions – Chickpea (2018-2022)
  • The farmer participatory IPM strategies were validated and disseminated in chickpea crop, covering 692 ha area in six villages Tejpura, Chokari, Ragauli, Rura-addu, Satraju and Gadgaon with collaboration of KVK Jhansi and KVK Jalaun (BUAT, Banda, Bundelkhand, UP) during 2018-2022.
  • Around 70% farmers adopted the installation of pheromone traps (12-15 traps /ha) for the mass trapping of the adult moths.
  • The average number of adult moths (male) catches in pheromone traps were recorded 98±14.6/SMW December to February, 2020. Whereas in crop period 2021-22 the moth catches were 112±24.6/SMW. Thus the effective pod borer management was achieved by the installation of pheromone traps.
  • Farmers’ also got awareness to use bird perches (50 /ha) for the sitting of predatory birds for predation of pod borer larvae.
  • Farmers could reveal the efficacy of their self-made NSKE (5%) against pod borer in chickpea.
  • Use of overall IPM strategies, such as microbial bio-agents T. harziaum, Bt and HaNPV etc. were realized as an effective way for the reduction of chemical pesticide consumption in chickpea. IPM fields recorded higher yield as compared to FP with BC ratio of 2.96 and 2.8 in IPM and FP fields respectively.
  Pheromone trap
Oilseed crops
Synthesis and validation of location specific eco-friendly IPM technology for groundnut crop for different agro-eco-systems
  • Location specific eco-friendly IPM technology was validated for groundnut crop in Junagarh, Gujarat and Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh in farmers’ participatory mode.
  • Pod yield was 9.09 q/ha in IPM as compared to 8.63 q/ha in FP in Ananatapur, Andhra Pradesh.
Validation and promotion of location specific prioritized component- wise IPM package in rapeseed-mustard (2019-22)
  • Field validation trials of location-specific IPM package in rapeseed-mustard were conducted for three crop season (2019/20 to 2021/22) at RVSKVV-Zonal agricultural research station, Morena (M.P.)
  • Bio-intensive IPM package of soil incorporation of Trichoderma asperellum {Local strain (2.5 kg/ha)} + seed treatment (ST) with T. viride (10g/kg) + two foliar spray of freshly prepared garlic bulb extract (2% w/v) and need-based spray of neem oil (Azadirachtin 300 PPM) @ 5 ml/l of water when aphids’ population cross ETL (25 aphids / 10 cm of central shoot) was found best with seed yield of 29.2 qtl. / ha
  • IPM package increased the population of natural enemies and pollinators, and the seed yield was found to be increased by 25 per cent over control. It also reduced the per cent incidence of aphid (71%) and severity of Sclerotinia stem rot, and powdery mildew disease to the greater extent
  • Bio-intensive IPM approach in rapeseed-mustard was popularized in farmers’ participatory mode of approach with participation of 183 farmers from 41 villages on 80 ha in Morena and Bhind district in collaboration with RVSKVV- ZARS, Morena (M.P.) and in NCR Gurugram (Haryana) by ICAR-NCIPM, New Delhi during 2019 to 2022. IPM approach was found better over farmers Practices with benefit-cost ratio in IPM: 3.21 to 4.89 and in FP: 2.98 to 4.8
  • Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptica) management practices were synthesized for agro climatic zone 1c (Hyper arid partially irrigated western plain zone)
  Mustard crop
Implementation of IPM technology in mustard based-cropping system (2017-19)
  • Experiments were conducted at CCSHAU-RRS, Bawal, Rewari, Haryana and SKNAU-KVK, Navgaon, Alwar, Rajasthan for synthesis and validation of IPM in Mustard during 2017-19
  • Large-scale implementation of validated IPM in mustard was carried out in farmers’ participatory mode in 20 ha area in village Kabalana, Jhajjar and Mohmadpur, Alwar during 2018-19. IPM technology of mustard performed better than Farmers’ practices
Development and Validation prioritized component-wise integrated pest management package in Indian mustard (2014-2017)
  • Mustard IPM package involving microbial, botanical and chemical pesticide was evaluated at three locations (ICAR-NCIPM, Rajpur Khurd, New Delhi, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi and SKNAU-RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur) for mitigation of crop stresses and to obtain accurate assessments for seed yields and economic benefits. Mustard IPM package was certified by ICAR vide ICAR-CS-NCIPM Technology-2-024-032
  • Soil augmentation as well as seed treatment with Trichoderma strains and spray of thiamethoxam was found better than control in reducing the aphids & white rust disease and increasing the yield
  • While validating the component-wise IPM package for mustard, seed treatment with garlic extract (2% w/v) proved the most viable technology in terms of returns
  • Mustard IPM strategy for Sclerotinia rot was included in the package of practices of Zone Ib (Sriganganagar and Hanumangarh) and Zone IIIb (Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli, Khairtal and Swai Madhopur) of Rajasthan by SDA, Rajasthan and now widely adopted by the intended users
  • Mustard IPM was also included in Package of Practices for Zone IIIa (Jaipur, Ajmer, Tonk and Dausa) of Rajasthan by SDA, Rajasthan and now widely adopted by the intended users
  • Each additional rupee invested in adoption of IPM mustard technology gave INR 5.1 in return thus giving good economic logic for adoption of this technology
  • Large scale validation of IPM package along with crop growth stage was made in Mahindergarh(Haryana) and Alwar (Rajasthan) district with participation of 100 farmers of four villages in 60 ha during 2014-17
Horticultural crops
Validation and promotion of sustainable and adaptable IPM technology in horticultural crops
Bitter Gourd
  • IPM module for bitter gourd was validated in more than 40 ha area in Karnal, Haryana and 12 ha area in villages Mahagoan and Basartpur, Varanashi, Uttar Pradesh.
  • Implementation of IPM resulted in lesser number of chemical sprays 5.5 in IPM as compared to 8.5 in FP and an increased yield of 187.4 q/ha in IPM in karnal and reduction in number of chemical sprays to 7 and increase in yield 187 q/ ha in Varanasi.
Cucumber
  • Developed and validated IPM technology for cucumber crop in 40 ha area of District Karnal (Haryana). Implementation of IPM technology resulted in reduction of number of chemical sprays to 5.0 in IPM as against 12.0 in FP and higher yields 252.8 q/ha in IPM fields as as compared to yield 244.0 q/ha obtained in FP. Cymoxanil 8% + mancozeb 64 % (Curzet 72 WP) was effective in managing downy mildew in cucumber.
Bottle Gourd
  • Successfully demonstrated IPM technology for bottle gourd crop in 60 ha area in District Karnal (Haryana). Implementation of IPM technology resulted in increasing the bottle gourd yields to 38.82 t/ha compared to 24.3 t/ha observed in farmers’ fields. CBR in bottle gourd was high 1:3.87 than 1:2.40 obtained by farmers who did not follow IPM. Red pumpkin beetle was very well managed by using neem oil 0.15% (1500 ppm) with sticker.
  • Integrated Management of fruit fly successfully undertaken in more >1000 acres area in Haryana. Large area adoption for integrated management of fruit flies made IPM more and more acceptable and adoptable by farmers thereby fast increasing the spread and percolation of IPM technologies in Haryana. Training of farmers entailed increased levels of knowledge base for the adopted farming families.
Onion
  • IPM technology for bulb onion crop was validated in 10 ha area in village Wadgaon Sahani in Rabi and Khairewad in Kharif of district Pune, Maharashtra. IPM technology in onion was also validated in village Singoha-Rambha of Karnal district.
  • Implementation of IPM resulted in reduction of chemical pesticide sprays from 10.0 to 3.0 with higher CBR of 1:1.9 in IPM during Rabi and Kharif. Implementation of IPM technology resulted in marginal increase in yield.
  • Growing organic onion (non-chemical) resulted in reduced yields/production of onion crop in Karnal, Haryana.
Bell Pepper
  • Demonstration of IPM in bell pepper carried out on an area of 54 ha in Karnal, Haryana. Implementation of IPM resulted in increased yield 362 q/ha in IPM as compared to from 113.1 q/ha in FP. Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) was exceptionally high 1:4.63 in IPM than 1:2.12 in FP.
Development and validation of IPM strategies for mandarin orchards
  • IPM modules comprising need based application of bio pesticides and reduced risk pesticides; scouting and monitoring of the pests; adoption of better cultural practices and mechanical methods of pest management was validaed at Panjkosi village, Fazilika, Punjab and Citrus Research Station, Tinsukia, Assam.
  • Implementation of IPM resulted in increased fruit yield 272 q/ha in Fazilka, Punjab and 131.8 kg/tree in Tinsukia, Assam.
    Focus was on management of Phytophthora, Greening disease and sucking pests.
Protected cultivation and biocontrol
Validation and Promotion of Bio-intensive IPM under Protected Cultivation System
  • Multi-location promotion of IPM technology for protected cultivation system through a network approach. Research activities are going on at two locations i.e. capsicum at village – Manoli District – Sonepat (Haryana) and cucumber at village – Baseri, District – Jaipur (Rajasthan).
  • IPM technology reduces seedling mortality of cucumber and bell pepper (Capsicum) up to 1.3 and 6.3% compared to 8.3 and 21.6% respectively under farmer’s practices (FP).
  • IPM technology reduces the population of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita up to 91.1% in cucumber compared to FP where an increase of up to 49.4% was recorded. In the case of Capsicum, the population of the root-knot nematode was kept under economic thresh hold level i.e. 1J2/g soil.
  • Significant reduction in insect pest (white fly, thrips, aphids, mites and cutworm) population was also recorded under IPM compared to FP. An 80 and 48.6% reduction in chemical pesticide spray was recorded under IPM in cucumber and capsicum respectively as compared to FP. Likewise disease intensity caused by damping off, wilt fungus, mildews, fruit rot and leaf curl mosaic virus was recorded greater in FP compared to IPM.
  • As per yield and benefit –cost ratio is concerned, an increase of 38 and 43% was recorded in cucumber and capsicum respectively over FP. The cost - benefit ratio under IPM was recorded up to 3.74 and 4.50 respectively in cucumber and capsicum as compared to FP where up to 1.96 and 2.7 respectively in cucumber and capsicum.
Development and promotion of technologies for on farm mass production of local strains of microbial bio-agents in different agro-climatic regions. (2018-2022)
  • Developed an easy Flame Syringe Method for on-farm mass multiplication of bio-agents.
  • Demonstrations for mass production of bio-agents were delivered in 21 villages of different states namely Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh (Bundelkhand).
  • A unique formulation of Biogel has been developed in the form of a very dense Gel of microbial bio-agents.
  • Gel consists of preservatives, decontaminants and nutrients.
  • The whole content of gel is enriched by specific nutrients, so microbes may have longer shelf life i.e. around 20 months.
  • Developed complete procedure and protocols for following microbial Biogels.
 Gel product
Development and validation of innovative IPM tools and techniques
  • IPM gadgets for insect pest management viz. 'Light trap for managing insects' was further refined and standardized.
  • The improved insect light trap was demonstrated in Paddy, sugarcane, mango, Ber, Tomato, Chickpea, sorghum crops in farmers’ participatory mode in different locations.
  • Five patents (three national and two International) for IPM gadgets have been granted to ICAR-NCIPM.
 light trap
Development and promotion of technologies for on-farm mass production of bio-pesticides
  • A specific and selective culture medium was developed for T. harzianum.
  • Grain (flour) based culture medium was developed for mass multiplication of different bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter sp., Rhizobium sp. and Azospirillum sp.
  • Liquid formulation in form of small ampules of Trichoderma sp. and different bacteria have been developed to provide as mother culture for mass production.
  • Biogels of different microbes were developed, with high density of CFU (2.0 x 10^12).
  • Shelf life of T. harzianum in ampules was recorded up to 11 months, which was 2 x 10^9.
  • Twenty four FFSs were organized to demonstrate the procedure of “On farm mass-production of microbial bio-agents” and thus 46 farmers were able to mass produce bio-agents using our technology. Around 1300 ampules have been distributed among farmers and NGO workers.
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